| |
DIRECTED ENERGY
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY
2008 Directed Energy Systems Symposium Short Courses |
|
3 March 2008 |
Monterey, California | |
|
|
|
These short courses were offered in
conjunction with the Directed Energy Systems Symposium, held 3-7
March 2008 in Monterey, California.
Continuing Education Unit (CEU) credits were awarded for completion of these
DEPS short courses.
Course 1. Directed Energy 101
Classification: Public Release
Instructors:
- Maj Gen George Harrison, USAF (ret.)
- Maj Gen Donald Lamberson, USAF (ret.)
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: This course provides a general overview of directed energy
weapons, including high energy laser (HEL) and high power microwave (HPM) systems. The
emphasis is on the operationally distinguishing characteristics of systems nearing
deployment. A special feature of the course is the availability of system
simulators for use by the students. The simulators are being provided by AEgis Technologies
Group and by Schafer Corporation.
Topics to be covered include:
- Overview of HEL Systems
- Overview of HPM Systems
- HEL Simulation
- HPM Simulation
Intended Audience: This course is intended for students without a technical
background as an introduction to the operational characteristics of HEL and HPM systems.
Instructor Biographies: George Harrison is Director, Strategic Initiatives, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta,
Georgia. Before his retirement from the U.S. Air Force in July 1997 as a Major General, he was
Commander, Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico.
George began his Air Force career as an F-4 pilot at MacDill AFB, Florida in 1962. Since then,
he has flown combat in the O-1F from DaNang AB, Republic of Vietnam (RVN), and the F-4 from
Cam Rahn Bay AB, RVN and Udorn Royal Thai AFB. In later years, he flew combat missions in
the F-16C over Iraq (Provide Comfort), the C-130E, E-3A and E-8C over and into Bosnia (Deny
Flight and Joint Endeavor) and the E-3B over Iraq (Desert Storm). He commanded the 4485th Test
Squadron, the 479th Tactical Training Wing, the USAF Air Warfare Center, Joint Task Force
Southwest Asia and served as the Director of Operations for U.S. Air Forces in Europe.
George is an active civil aviator and is an FAA instructor in single and multiengine
airplanes, instruments and gliders. His first solo was as a teenager in the Piper J-3
and now has logged over 7400 hours in 97 types of civil and military aircraft, including
530 hours in combat. An Airline Transport Pilot, he is experienced in conventional and
tailwheel aircraft, and gliders and is type-rated in the Boeing 707/720, Lear Jet, and T-33.
Don Lamberson is a retired Air Force Major General active in Directed Energy activities.
His involvement in DE began in 1962 shortly after the invention of the laser and has
continued more or less constantly since then. He was in the first class to be awarded
the PhD from the Air Force Institute of Technology and was Program Manager of the earliest
laser weapon technology program which included developing the Airborne Laser Laboratory
(ALL). He was a founding director and member of DEPS.
Course 2. Introduction to FEL
Classification: FOUO
Instructors:
- Bill Colson, NPS
- Joe Blau, NPS
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: This course covers the general concepts of free electron lasers
(FELs), including basic FEL theory, electron beam properties, oscillators and amplifiers, electron
beam phase space evolution, undulator tapering, induced energy spread, optical mode quality and
FEL simulation.
Intended Audience: The course is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students in physics,
engineering, and optics, ideally having at least an upper division course in electromagnetic theory.
Instructor Biographies: Professor Colson is Distinguished Professor of Physics at the Naval
Postgraduate School (NPS), Director of the NPS Center for Directed Energy and Electric Weapons,
Technical Director of the NPS National Security Institute, and has been Chairman of the NPS Physics
Department. He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Free Electron
Lasers (FELs) in 1993-1994, a member of the Medical FEL Laser Program Review by the Office of
Naval Research, and a member of the Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences Panel
on Synchrotron Radiation Sources and Science.
Professor Colson has developed and taught directed energy courses at NPS for 18 years,
and advised more than 60 Masters Degree students and 5 PhD students in the area of free electron lasers.
Professor Colson received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Physics from Wayne State University,
Detroit, MI, in 1966 and 1972, and the Ph.D. degree in Physics from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, in 1977.
Dr. Joseph Blau received a B.S. in Physics from UC Santa Barbara in 1987,
and an M.S. in Physics from UC San Diego in 1989. He joined the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS)
in 1989, where he earned his Ph.D. in Physics in 2002. He continues to work at NPS as a Research
Assistant Professor. Over the past 25 years, he has helped develop a set of programs for simulating
free-electron lasers (FELs) on desktop computers. These simulations have been benchmarked against
both theory and experiments, and have been used to guide the development and analyze the results of
many operating FELs at universities and laboratories around the world, including the first FEL at
Stanford and the world’s most powerful FEL at Jefferson Lab. His main research areas are the design
of high-power FEL amplifiers and oscillators, and the integration of FELs on Naval platforms. He
has recently developed a four-dimensional simulation of an FEL amplifier that runs on a cluster
computer, which is now being used to study the effects of short pulses and optical mode distortion
in an FEL.
Course 3. Beam Control for Laser Systems
Classification: FOUO
Instructor: Salvatore Cusumano, Center for Directed Energy, AFIT
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: This is a four-hour introductory course on the salient features
of pointing a laser on target. The course is taught from a Control Engineer’s perspective,
but it is presented at a level such that one with an engineering degree will easily understand
the concepts and basic tools applied. The uninitiated in directed energy will find this
an excellent foundational course for entry studies into laser weapon systems. Topics included
are error budgets, beam control hardware (gimbals, inertial reference units), stabilization,
control laws, tracking algorithms, adaptive optics, pointing, and the performance models to
estimate error budget compliance. Derivations of performance equations are minimal and
completely contained for further study. Each section is well referenced for further self-study.
Intended Audience: The target audience consists of those individuals who are working
in an associated discipline and wish to learn the lexicon, hardware, algorithms, and basic
approach to getting the energy on target.
Instructor Biography: Dr. Salvatore J. Cusumano is the Director of
the Center for Directed Energy located at the Air Force Institute of Technology.
The Center collaborates on directed energy research topics, both high power
microwaves (HPM) and high energy lasers (HEL), throughout the DoD community.
Dr. Cusumano’s research interests span his 25 years of experience in directed energy
and include resonator alignment and stabilization, intra-cavity adaptive optics, phased
arrays, telescope control, pointing and tracking, adaptive optics and component technology
for directed energy. He holds two patents (jointly) for his work in Phased Arrays.
Dr. Cusumano graduated from the University of Illinois in 1988 with his Ph.D. in
Control Theory. He received a Masters in EE and a Bachelor in EE from the Air Force
Institute of Technology in 1977 and the Air Force Academy in 1971, respectively.
Course 4. HEL in the Extended Air Defense Simulation
Classification: FOUO
Instructors:
- Jim Watkins
- Mike Thomason
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: The Extended Air Defense Simulation (EADSIM) is utilized throughout
the DOD for engagement and mission level analyses, wargaming and exercises, and training. The
engagement modeling capabilities within EADSIM encompass a wide gamut of technologies, including
HEL and HPM, providing a solid backdrop for evaluating the overall battlefield effectiveness of
specific technologies. This short course will provide an overview of EADSIM and its application,
an overview of HEL modeling within EADSIM, recently released HEL enhancements, and demonstration
of a few selected notional scenarios and tool outputs, for example Defended Area and/or Launch
Area Denied plots.
Intended Audience: This course is intended for engineers and scientists that conduct
or will be conducting effectiveness analyses that are either focused on HEL weapons or include
HEL weapons as an element of the analysis. The course will provide salient information for
decision makers relative to the overall capabilities of EADSIM for these tasks. This short
course will contain elements relevant to those unfamiliar to EADSIM, as well as those with
years of experience with EADSIM.
Instructor Biographies: Mr. Watkins is the Program Manager for the Extended Air
Defense Simulation (EADSIM), a constructive simulation for theater air, space and missile
warfare. EADSIM is configuration managed and controlled by the U.S. Army Space & Missile
Defense Command, Future Warfare Center in support to the Missile Defense Agency. Mr. Watkins
has served as EADSIM program manager since 1995 and as scientific advisor for all programs
and budgets associated with EADSIM's development and baseline management. Mr. Watkins has
been actively involved in the development of directed energy capabilities in EADSIM since
the mid-90’s. Mr. Watkins is a member of the DE M&S TAWG supporting the DE Joint Technology
Office and supports DE M&S activities within SMDC. Mr. Watkins has a BSEE from Auburn University.
Mike Thomason works for Teledyne Brown Engineering where
he is a primary technical lead on EADSIM. He has 20+ years of experience in weapon systems
effectiveness analyses, wargaming and exercises, and training. This experience includes both
conduct of these activities and the tool development to support these activities. He has
worked with the EADSIM program for the past 18 years. During this tenure, he has led the
activities that have incorporated the HEL and HPM capabilities into the simulation. Mr.
Thomason has a BS EE from Tennessee Technological University.
Course 5. Uncertainty Analysis for Laser Effects Testing and Analysis
Classification: FOUO
Instructors:
- Nicholas Morley, AFRL
- Robert Ulibarri, AFRL
- David Hayden, Boeing, LTS
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 0800 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: Data, no matter how well-controlled the measurement, always carries
with it an inherent uncertainty. Understanding and reporting measurement uncertainty are critical
in allowing data users to determine the utility of the data for their purpose. Laser effects
testing requires detailed measurement understanding of a number of laser source and target
conditions to include the following: laser parameters (energy, power, irradiance, etc.); target
measurements (temperature, mass loss, strain, etc.); and environmental conditions (pressure, air
velocity, etc.). This course is an introduction to critical uncertainty analysis principles
required to carry out a well-constructed and -documented experiment. The basic concepts will be
expanded with some relevant examples for laser effects research. The tutorial will lay the
foundation for the use of measurement uncertainty in test planning, experiment debugging, data
reporting, and model implementation. The principle features of the course are built upon the
foundation of a clear test objective. Applying the principles outlined in this course will help
the student achieve the key objectives from an uncertainty analysis: 1) make the experiment more
accurate; 2) communicate the meaning of the results more clearly.
In many test situations, the quantity of interest is not directly measured, but is calculated
by combining a number of measured parameters. To address this fact, the class will cover
techniques for combining uncertainties from multiple measurements in meaningful fashion.
Measurement of critical quantities, such as beam characteristics, target state, and environmental
conditions, will be covered in detail. Finally, the course will cover documentation of
uncertainty analyses, so that the user can accurately interpret results.
At the completion of the tutorial, each student will have a basic knowledge of:
- The data collection process
- Types of measurement uncertainties that can creep into laser effects experiments
- Standards for estimating the appropriate uncertainty for a given measured parameter
- Combining measurement uncertainties in a meaningful manner
- Using uncertainty values to improve the quality of the experimental data generated
- Standards for beam and target diagnostic measurements
- Impact and execution of measured parameters in M&S
- Documenting uncertainty results and report preparation
Topics include:
- Fundamental concepts of uncertainty analysis
- The connection between experiment and modeling
- Combining uncertainties from multiple measured quantities
- Uncertainty application to beam diagnostics
- Understanding target diagnostics
- Uncertainty analysis while developing your test plan and debugging your experiment
- Application of test results in model validation and implementation
- Analyzing, Interpreting, and reporting measurement uncertainty
Intended Audience: This tutorial is intended for engineers and scientists who will have
responsibility for planning, carrying out, modeling, and/or documenting laser lethality tests with
high-power lasers. Managers will also benefit through an increased understanding of the scope of
effort required to collect and report meaningful lethality data in support of laser weapon
lethality predictions. No prior laser testing experience is assumed; however, a reasonable
acquaintance with laser technology would be helpful.
Instructor Biographies: Dr. Nicholas Morley received B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees
in Nuclear Engineering from the University of New Mexico in 1988, 1991, and 1993, respectively.
He has been an employee of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Directed Energy Directorate
located at Kirtland AFB, NM, from 1994 to the present. He is currently the Branch Chief for the
Laser Effects Research Branch where his responsibilities include directing research efforts in
the following areas: general target effects; target construction, heat transfer and fluid dynamics
for lasers, aircraft cruise missiles, surface-to-air missiles, and ICBMs; laser effects on fuels
and explosives; degradation of optical components; and temperature-dependent optical scattering.
Dr. Morley is a senior member of the AIAA and a member of DEPS. His technical areas of interest
include the following: high energy laser interaction with materials; laser ablation; conductive,
convective, radiative, and two-phase heat transfer; laser coupling; and optical scattering;
nuclear propulsion; dynamic energy conversion systems.
Bob Ulibarri is the team lead for all laser lethality efforts supporting the MDA’s Airborne
Laser Program. This effort is run out of the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Directed Energy
Effects Branch (AFRL/RDLE). He is also the Chief of AFRL/RDLE’s Missile Assessment Center.
In addition his is the program manger for the Airborne Laser Program threat lethality efforts
run out of AFRL/RDLE. Mr Ulibarri has over 8 years of laser experimentation background. He
has a mechanical engineering degree from the University of New Mexico.
David S. Hayden is a Senior Scientist in charge of operations and personnel conducting
laser and facility engineering services for Boeing at the Laser Effects Test Facility. He
received his BSE in 1995 at Chapman University and has over 20 years experience with high
energy laser systems, including maintenance, design modifications, and experimental testing
including the Electric Discharge Coaxial Lasers (EDCLs) I and II, Oxygen Iodine (COIL) laser
and a 20kW Fiber Laser as well as various wind tunnels. Current responsibilities include
optical design for laser propagation and measurement methods to include temperature, pressure
laser power and energy, as well as spatial profiling.
Course 6. Beam Directors 101
Classification: FOUO
Instructor: Bill Decker, Defense Acquisition University
Duration: Full-day course, starts at 0800 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.70
Course Description: The course will cover beam directors from the
requirements and parameter that determine the overall approach to the
development of a strategy to acquire and integrate a beam director into
an HEL system. Subjects include:
- Performance requirements that drive the design.
- Laser parameters and how they affect the beam director.
- Optical design issues, including aperture, F/#, optical materials and HEL coatings.
- Mechanical design issues, including on-axis and off-axis designs, materials.
- Beam director design basics, including gimbal performance requirements, jitter and tracking rates.
- Other considerations, including stray light, off-axis sensors, control systems.
- Beam director systems engineering - balancing performance with cost, schedule and risk.
- How to get the best beam director for your budget.
Intended Audience: Program managers, lead engineers, systems
engineers of HEL systems that will include a beam director. A technical
background is useful, but not required.
Instructor Biography: Mr. Decker is currently a Professor of Systems Engineering at
the Huntsville Campus of the Defense Acquisition University. His experience includes over
25 years in electro-optics with ten years experience in high energy laser systems, including
THEL, ABL, ATL and HELLADS, all while employed by Brashear (a division of L-3 Communications)
in Pittsburgh, PA. Mr. Decker holds a MS in Physics from the Naval Postgraduate School and a
BS in Engineering from Cornell University.
Course 7. Applications of FEL
Sorry, this course has been cancelled.
Course 8. Atmospheric Effects
Classification: FOUO
Instructor: Steve Fiorino
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: This course addresses how to characterize and quantify the
major effects of the atmosphere on directed energy weapons propagation.
A first principles atmospheric propagation and characterization code
called the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR)
is described and demonstrated. In addition to overland cloud-free-line
of sight (CFLOS) assessments, LEEDR enables the creation of exportable
vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor, optical
turbulence, and atmospheric particulates/hydrometeors as they relate to
line-by-line extinction over the UV to RF portion of the spectrum.
The course outline is as follows:
- Goals of LEEDR
- Overview of HELEEOS
- Extension of atmospheric model to RF
- LEEDR Atmospheric Data
- Probabilistic Climatology
- Atmospheric Boundary layer
- Molecular Composition
- Aerosol Data
- Clouds, Rain
- Optical Turbulence
- Realistic Correlation
- Example LEEDR Plots & Products
- Installing LEEDR
- Running LEEDR
- Accessing the ExPERT Database
- Creating Atmospheric Profiles
- Figures
Intended Audience: US Government personnel and their direct contractors
who have program requirements for or are interested in methods and tools
to assess realistic environments and environmental effects for modeling
and simulation, mission planning, and/or military systems operations. The course
assumes the students have some technical background in radiative transfer through
the atmosphere--either via an undergraduate degree or career experience.
Instructor Biography: Lt Col Fiorino (BS, MS, Ohio State University; MMOAS, Air Command and Staff College; BS,
PhD, Florida State University) is currently an assistant professor of atmospheric physics at
the Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. During his career, he has
served as wing weather officer, 319th Bomb Wing, Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota; officer in
charge, Weather Flight, 806th Bomb Wing (Provisional), during Operation Desert Storm;
acquisition systems meteorologist, Wright Laboratory (now the Air Force Research Laboratory),
Wright-Patterson AFB; Weather Flight commander, 1st Fighter Wing, Langley AFB, Virginia; and
joint meteorological and oceanographic officer, joint task force, Southwest Asia. Lt Col
Fiorino is a graduate of Squadron Officer School and Air Command and Staff College.
Course 9. HEL Effects
Classification: FOUO
Instructor:
- Robert Thomas, AFRL
- Ben Rockwell, AFRL
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: An introductory overview of laser bioeffects is presented. The
discussion will focus on the hazards to eye and skin, and their relationship to various
laser output parameters. Topics will include: Measurement and Characterization of Damage
Thresholds, Mechanisms of Damage, Exposure Limits and Their Interpretation, Analysis Tools
for the Estimation of Hazards, Current DOD Regulations and Processes Relating to Laser Safety,
and Routes through which Laser Bioeffects Impact Laser System Employment.
Intended Audience: The course is intended for those involved in the development of
laser systems that would like to expand their knowledge of factors affecting laser safety and/or
laser effects in biological systems. The material will require a working knowledge of typical
laser system parameters, but will not require an extensive background in mathematics, physics,
biology, or engineering.
Instructor Biography: Dr. Robert J. Thomas is a Research Physicist in the Optical
Radiation Branch, Directed Energy Bioeffects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory(AFRL). Dr. Thomas joined AFRL in 1994 as a National Research Council
Postdoctoral Associate, and has since led a number research efforts in the fields of laser
bioeffects, high-energy laser safety, computational physics, and modeling and simulation.
He was named a Fellow of the Laser Institute of America in October of 2007, and serves a number
of national committees responsible for the development of laser exposure limits.
Course 10. Active Denial Systems
Classification: Classified
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: One of the first overarching tutorials available on the bioeffects,
hardware, and employment concepts behind a very proven Directed Energy capability that is on the verge
of transition out of the research arena. Upon completion, the student should understand: 1) the
bioeffects of the Active Denial System (ADS) 95 GHz non-lethal directed energy beam and what AFRL
scientific research verifies the safety and effectiveness of the beam, 2) the technology that produces
the effect, including hardware, software, beam profile, and relationships such as spot size and range
which ultimately drive the scaling potential, 3) how the ADS capability may be employed by military force,
the military utility, and legalities associated with employment. Topics include:
- Bioeffects (history, specific research studies and results, safety thresholds, prohibitions)
- Technology (history, basic hardware/software, beam geometry and profile, future technical requirements)
- Operational Use (proven military utility, useful characteristics, and mission enhancements;
limitations; countermeasures; policy and legal application)
Intended Audience: Both Government (civilian and military) and industry: project managers,
operational testers, and scientific/technical. Technical/scientific education not required, but desirable.
Moderate experience level assumed.
Course 11. HPM Systems for Counter Materiel Applications
Classification: Classified
Duration: Half-day course, starts at 1300 Monday, 3 March
CEUs awarded: 0.35
Course Description: This course is broken into three subsections, each described below.
Effects of HPM Systems on Electronics and Resulting Design Tradeoffs: This portion of the short course
will provide an overview of HPM effects on electronics with emphasis on tradeoffs to optimize the total system.
A brief tutorial on HPM effects will be followed by simple tradeoff considerations for the choice of HPM
technology and the design of an HPM system that will optimize desired effects for a given weight and size.
Successful Technologies and Development of HPM Systems: This portion of the short course will be an
overview of the process of system integration that leads to a successful system. Examples will be drawn
from the MACE and MEGA systems developed in AFRL/RDHA. Lessons learned from the development of these
systems will provide a basis for a road map for future system development.
Conducting Military Utility Studies of High Power Microwave Weapons Systems: This portion of the
short course will present the results of an analytical study of the potential military utility of a
High Power Microwave (HPM) weapons system in a representative military conflict. The course will
address the methodologies used, the models employed, and the steps taken to develop a robust,
comprehensive look at the benefits of employing an HPM weapons system. At the completion of this course
segment, the student should be aware of potential modeling tools, have an understanding of the need
for an operational perspective when conducting an analysis, and should be aware of the scope that must
be included to conduct a credible study.
Intended Audience: This classified course is intended for engineers, analysts, and managers
interested in building or analyzing HPM systems. The fundamentals of system integration for HPM payloads;
including prime power, pulsed power, computer control and vacuum systems; will be covered. The fundamentals
of HPM effects and their implications for systems design will also be covered along with an analysis of potential
military utility based on these HPM systems and their effects.
|